[Jun-2026] Latest WGU Digital-Forensics-in-Cybersecurity exam dumps and online Test Engine
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NEW QUESTION # 33
A cybercriminal hacked into an Apple iPad that belongs to a company's chief executive officer (CEO). The cybercriminal deleted some important files on the data volume that must be retrieved.
Which hidden folder will contain the digital evidence?
- A. /Private/etc
- B. /.Trashes/501
- C. /etc
- D. /lost+found
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
On Apple iOS devices, deleted files are often moved to a hidden Trash folder before permanent deletion. The directory/.Trashes/501is a hidden folder where deleted files for user ID 501 (the first user created on macOS
/iOS devices) are temporarily stored.
* This folder can contain files marked for deletion and thus is a prime location for recovery attempts.
* /lost+foundis a directory commonly used on Unix/Linux file systems for recovered file fragments after file system corruption but is not the default trash location on iOS.
* /Private/etcand/etccontain system configuration files, not deleted user files.
Reference:Apple forensic investigations per NIST and training manuals such as those from Cellebrite and BlackBag Technologies indicate that user-deleted files on iOS devices reside in.Trashesor similar hidden directories until permanently removed.
NEW QUESTION # 34
A forensics investigator is investigating a Windows computer which may be collecting data from other computers on the network.
Which Windows command line tool can be used to determine connections between machines?
- A. Netstat
- B. Xdetect
- C. Openfiles
- D. Telnet
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Netstatis a standard Windows command line utility that displays active network connections, routing tables, and network interface statistics. It is widely used in forensic investigations to identify current and past TCP/IP connections, including IP addresses and port numbers associated with remote hosts. This information helps investigators identify if the suspect computer has active connections to other machines potentially used for data collection or command and control.
* Telnet is a protocol used to connect to remote machines but does not display current network connections.
* Openfiles shows files opened remotely but not network connection details.
* Xdetect is not a standard Windows tool and not recognized in forensic investigations.
Reference:According to NIST SP 800-86 and SANS Digital Forensics guidelines,netstatis an essential tool for gathering network-related evidence during system investigations.
NEW QUESTION # 35
A forensic investigator suspects that spyware has been installed to a Mac OS X computer by way of an update.
Which Mac OS X log or folder stores information about system and software updates?
- A. /Library/Receipts
- B. /var/spool/cups
- C. /var/log/daily.out
- D. /var/vm
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The/Library/Receiptsfolder on Mac OS X contains receipts that track software installation and updates, including system and application updates. This folder helps forensic investigators determine which updates were installed and when, useful for detecting suspicious or unauthorized software installations like spyware.
* /var/spool/cupsis related to printer spooling.
* /var/log/daily.outcontains daily system log summaries but not detailed update records.
* /var/vmcontains virtual memory files.
NIST and Apple forensics documentation indicate that/Library/Receiptsis a key location for examining software installation history.
NEW QUESTION # 36
What is one purpose of steganography?
- A. To encrypt data for security
- B. To compress large files
- C. To delete files securely
- D. To deliver information secretly
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Steganography is used to conceal information within other seemingly innocuous data, such as embedding messages inside image files, allowing secret delivery of information without detection.
* Unlike encryption, steganography hides the existence of the message itself.
* It is an anti-forensic technique used to evade detection.
Reference:NIST and digital forensics literature describe steganography as covert communication methodology.
NEW QUESTION # 37
A forensic specialist is about to collect digital evidence from a suspect's computer hard drive. The computer is off.
What should be the specialist's first step?
- A. Carefully review the chain of custody form.
- B. Turn the computer on and photograph the desktop.
- C. Turn the computer on and remove any malware.
- D. Make a forensic copy of the computer's hard drive.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Before any action on evidence, especially when seizing or processing digital devices, the forensic specialist must first carefully review and document the chain of custody (CoC) to ensure proper handling and legal compliance. This includes verifying seizure procedures and documenting the status of the device before any interaction.
* Turning the computer on prematurely risks altering or destroying volatile data.
* Making a forensic copy (imaging) can only happen after proper documentation and preservation steps.
* Photographing the desktop is relevant only after power-on but only if approved and documented.
This process aligns with NIST guidelines (SP 800-86) and the Scientific Working Group on Digital Evidence (SWGDE) principles emphasizing preservation and documentation as foundational steps.
NEW QUESTION # 38
How do forensic specialists show that digital evidence was handled in a protected, secure manner during the process of collecting and analyzing the evidence?
- A. By encrypting all evidence
- B. By maintaining the chain of custody
- C. By performing backups
- D. By deleting temporary files
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The chain of custody is a documented, chronological record detailing the seizure, custody, control, transfer, analysis, and disposition of evidence. Maintaining this record proves that the evidence was protected and unaltered, which is essential for court admissibility.
* Each transfer or access must be logged with date, time, and handler.
* Breaks in the chain can compromise the legal validity of evidence.
Reference:According to NIST and forensic best practices, the chain of custody documentation is mandatory for reliable evidence handling.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which file system is supported by Mac?
- A. EXT4
- B. FAT32
- C. NTFS
- D. Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+)
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Mac systems traditionally use the Hierarchical File System Plus (HFS+), which supports features such as journaling and metadata handling suited for Mac OS environments. Newer versions use APFS but HFS+ remains relevant.
* NTFS is primarily a Windows file system.
* EXT4 is a Linux file system.
* FAT32 is a generic cross-platform file system but lacks advanced features.
Reference:Apple and NIST documentation confirm HFS+ as a Mac-supported file system for forensic analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 40
The human resources manager of a small accounting firm believes he may have been a victim of a phishing scam. The manager clicked on a link in an email message that asked him to verify the logon credentials for the firm's online bank account.
Which digital evidence should a forensic investigator collect to investigate this incident?
- A. System logs
- B. Browser cache
- C. Email headers
- D. Network traffic logs
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The browser cache stores recently accessed web pages, images, and cookies, which may include phishing site content and related activity. Investigators analyzing phishing attacks collect browser cache data to reconstruct the victim's web activity and detect malicious sites.
* Cached web pages help corroborate victim statements and establish timelines.
* Browser history and cache are volatile and must be preserved promptly.
Reference:According to NIST SP 800-101 and forensic guides, browser cache is critical in investigating phishing and web-based attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which type of storage format should be transported in a special bag to reduce electrostatic interference?
- A. Magnetic media
- B. Solid-state drives
- C. Flash drives
- D. Optical discs
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Magnetic media such as hard drives and magnetic tapes are sensitive to electrostatic discharge (ESD), which can damage data. They must be transported in anti-static bags or containers to reduce the risk of electrostatic interference.
* SSDs and flash drives are less vulnerable to ESD but still benefit from proper packaging.
* Proper handling protocols prevent unintentional data loss or corruption.
Reference:NIST SP 800-101 and forensic evidence handling standards specify anti-static packaging for magnetic storage media.
NEW QUESTION # 42
A forensic investigator is acquiring evidence from an iPhone.
What should the investigator ensure before the iPhone is connected to the computer?
- A. That the phone is powered off
- B. That the phone has root privilege
- C. That the phone avoids syncing with the computer
- D. That the phone is in jailbreak mode
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Before connecting an iPhone to a forensic workstation, the investigator must ensure that the phone doesnotsync with the computer automatically. Automatic syncing may alter, delete, or overwrite evidence stored on the device or the computer, compromising forensic integrity.
* Jailbreak mode is not necessary and can complicate forensic analysis.
* Powering off the device prevents acquisition of volatile data.
* Root privileges (jailbreak) may aid access but are not mandatory before connection.
NIST mobile device forensic guidelines emphasize disabling automatic sync to preserve data integrity during acquisition.
NEW QUESTION # 43
The chief information officer of an accounting firm believes sensitive data is being exposed on the local network.
Which tool should the IT staff use to gather digital evidence about this security vulnerability?
- A. Packet filter
- B. Sniffer
- C. Firewall
- D. Antivirus
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
A sniffer, also known as a packet analyzer, captures network traffic in real time and allows IT staff to monitor and analyze data packets passing through the network. This is crucial when investigating potential data leaks or network vulnerabilities. Using a sniffer helps identify unauthorized transmissions of sensitive data and trace suspicious activity at the packet level.
* Sniffers collect raw network data which can be analyzed for patterns or anomalies.
* According to NIST guidelines on network forensics, packet capture tools (sniffers) are essential in gathering digital evidence related to network security incidents.
Reference:NIST Special Publication 800-86 (Guide to Integrating Forensic Techniques into Incident Response) highlights the importance of sniffers in network-based investigations.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which universal principle must be observed when handling digital evidence?
- A. Avoid making changes to the evidence
- B. Make a copy and analyze the original
- C. Keep the evidence in a plastic bag
- D. Get the signatures of two witnesses
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The foremost principle in digital forensics isnever altering the original evidence. This ensures integrity, authenticity, and admissibility in court.
* Investigators analyze forensic copies, not originals.
* Write-blockers and hashing are used to prevent changes.
* Any alteration-intentional or accidental-can invalidate evidence.
Reference:NIST SP 800-86 and SP 800-101 define the unaltered preservation of evidence as the first and most essential forensic rule.
NEW QUESTION # 45
How should a forensic scientist obtain the network configuration from a Windows PC before seizing it from a crime scene?
- A. By opening the Network and Sharing Center
- B. By checking the system properties
- C. By using the ipconfig command from a command prompt on the computer
- D. By rebooting the computer into safe mode
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The ipconfig command executed at a Windows command prompt displays detailed network configuration information such as IP addresses, subnet masks, and default gateways. Collecting this information prior to seizure preserves volatile evidence relevant to the investigation.
* Documenting network settings supports the understanding of the suspect system's connectivity at the time of seizure.
* NIST recommends capturing volatile data (including network configuration) before shutting down or disconnecting a suspect machine.
Reference:NIST SP 800-86 and forensic best practices recommend gathering volatile evidence using system commands like ipconfig.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which tool should be used with sound files, video files, and image files?
- A. StegVideo
- B. Snow
- C. MP3Stego
- D. Stealth Files 4
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
StegVideo is a steganographic tool designed to embed hidden messages within multimedia files such as sound, video, and image files, making it suitable for multi-media steganography.
* Snow is mainly used for text-based steganography.
* MP3Stego is specialized for MP3 audio files only.
* Stealth Files 4 is a general steganography tool but less commonly referenced for multimedia.
Forensic and academic sources identify StegVideo as a tool for multimedia steganography, useful in complex digital investigations.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which operating system (OS) uses the NTFS (New Technology File System) file operating system?
- A. Linux
- B. Mac OS X v10.4
- C. Windows 8
- D. Mac OS X v10.5
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
NTFS is the primary file system used by Microsoft Windows operating systems starting from Windows NT and continuing through modern versions including Windows 8. NTFS supports advanced features like file permissions, encryption, and journaling, which are critical for modern OS file management.
* Linux typically uses ext3, ext4, or other native file systems, not NTFS as a primary system.
* Mac OS X v10.4 and v10.5 use HFS+ as the native file system, not NTFS.
* Windows 8 uses NTFS as its default file system.
This is documented in official Microsoft and NIST digital forensics resources.
NEW QUESTION # 48
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